Not Just Crickets: A Science-Based Guide to Live Insects in Reptile Nutrition

Crickets have long been the go-to feeder insect, originally bred for fishing bait rather than reptile food. To improve the nutritional value, keepers often “gut-load” crickets, feeding them vitamin-rich foods 24–48 hours before offering them to reptiles.

In recent years, Vita-Bug crickets have emerged as a superior option. These crickets are fed a nutrient-dense diet throughout their lifecycle, resulting in higher levels of vitamins A and E, and essential fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-6. Vita-Bug crickets closely mimic the nutrition found in wild insects and reduce or eliminate the need for gut-loading.

Important: Never feed wild-caught insects to your reptile. They may carry pesticides, toxins, or parasites that can be harmful or fatal.

Mealworms and superworms are the larval forms of darkling beetles. Superworms are larger, but both are commonly used as reptile food because they’re easy to keep and serve. However, their tough chitinous exoskeletons may be difficult for smaller lizards to digest. While they’re high in protein, they are low in calcium, something we’ll explore further below. For larger species like bearded dragons and monitors, superworms are a convenient and protein-rich option when used in moderation.

Dubia roaches are an excellent feeder insect. Unlike household pests, they are wingless, slow-moving, and non-invasive. Their softer exoskeleton makes them easier to digest than mealworms, and they can be fed at any life stage due to their incomplete metamorphosis (they don’t have a worm-like larval stage). Dubia roaches also offer superior protein and calcium content compared to crickets, mealworms, and superworms. With a long shelf life and low odor, they’re a practical choice for both reptiles and their owners.

The hornworm is the larval (caterpillar) stage of the sphinx moth, Manduca sexta. Captive-bred hornworms are a good source of hydration. However, they are low in protein and should be used as an occasional treat to add variety and enrichment to your lizard’s diet. Their bright green color and wiggling movement also tend to stimulate a strong feeding response, making them a great choice for picky or recovering reptiles.

Calciworms, the larvae of the black soldier fly, are naturally high in calcium and easy to digest due to their soft exoskeleton. They’re a great supplemental feeder for reptiles and even chickens! Their calcium-rich profile supports bone development and eggshell production in female reptiles. Calciworms are especially useful for preventing metabolic bone disease when included regularly in a balanced diet. They can be fed alone or mixed with other insects to improve the overall calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in your pet’s meals.

While Vita-Bugs are raised on a specialized diet designed to enhance their nutritional profile, providing higher levels of nutrients than standard crickets, they still benefit from calcium supplementation, including dusting. Most feeder insects contain more phosphorus than calcium, which disrupts proper calcium absorption. Reptiles require a 2:1 calcium-to-phosphorus ratio, and this can be achieved by dusting insects or supplementing with calciworms.

To metabolize calcium, reptiles also need vitamin D3. This is synthesized in their skin when exposed to UV-B light. Standard household lighting doesn’t provide UV-B, and sunlight through a window won’t help, as glass blocks UV rays. Instead, invest in reptile-specific UV-B bulbs. Choose the appropriate intensity based on your reptile’s natural habitat (e.g., desert vs. forest species) and replace bulbs regularly as their UV output diminishes over time.

Providing your reptile with a varied diet is the key to optimal health. Rotate feeder insects like Vita-Bug crickets, Dubia roaches, calciworms, hornworms, superworms, and mealworms. Use a calcium supplement and ensure your enclosure is equipped with proper UV-B lighting. This holistic approach not only supports strong bones and proper development but also stimulates natural behaviors and enriches your pet’s environment, leading to a longer, healthier, and happier life.